xm_menu


NAME
     xm_menu -  xmap8 program

SYNOPSIS
     xm_menu - Menu Documentation for Xmap8

DESCRIPTION
     Following is a list of all menu items in xmap8 with a  brief
     description of the usage and possible pitfalls.
     ---------------------------------------------------------------



File
     Quit Window
          This is used to quit a window or the program.

     Restore Size
          Will restore a view to original target area (full  zoom
          out)

     Zoom out
          reverts back one zoom level

     Zoom in
          zooms in one level

     Screen Bound
          this button will snap a figure back to fit  the  screen
          if it has popped out, or patially out, of view.

     Aspect 1-1
          changes window  size  so  that  dx=dy  (one-one  aspect
          ratio)

     Postscript
          dumps out a postscript file

     PWD  dumps out a list of the local directory

     change dir
          changes the current working directory

     Quit quit program
          ---------------------------------------------------------------

REFRESH
     this is a button that simply re-draws the figure
          ---------------------------------------------------------------



Sources
     * Plot Sources
          Toggles the plotting of 1-st source file


     * Color-Depths
          plots the source with respect to depth with  color  Use
          the  MaxDepth  option in the Special menu to change the
          scale length.  Events below MaxDep are not plotted.


     Source Size
          changes the size of the  plotted  events.  Sources,  by
          default, now plot according to their magnitude. See the
          scale in the corner.  If you  change  the  source  size
          under  the  SOURCES  menu, you simply increase/decrease
          the minimum source size  plotted  (min=Magnitude  <=1).
          If  the  linear scale option is chosen (see below), you
          will have to input a slope parameter if you change  the
          minimum source size.  The slope is currently entered in
          the main command window.


     Fancy Plot
          make sources filled in instead of see-through.


     Mag Scale
          toggle using the magnitude to scale  the  source  size.
          The  minimum source size is controlled by the parameter
          Source Size mentioned above.  (see Mag Options below)


     Mag Options
          toggle using the magnitude to scale  the  source  size.
          The  minimum source size is controlled by the parameter
          Source Size mentioned above.  You have a choice of con-
          stant, exponential and linear scales.



     Save Source
          all the events selected in the last selection using the
          left  mouse drag will be stored in a file determined by
          the environment variable XMA_SPE_SRC.  This is a way to
          store special events that need to be plotted on various
          different displays.   In  a  companion  program  called
          newsig,  digital seismic data that is read in automati-
          cally stores the event locations in the file  named  by
          XMA_SPE_SRC  so  that  xmap  and newsig can communicate
          with each other.  If you hit the <s> accelerator button
          you  will  see all the events stored in the XMA_SPE_SRC
          file.


     Append Source
          same as "Save Source" but it appends  instead  of  over
          writing the file


     Save Extensions
          Instead of saving the hypocenter  information  you  can
          save  an extension from the end of the hypocenter card.
          This allows you to access digital data stored  on  your
          system  by  having  the  names  of  the files stored as
          extensions.


     SAVE FILE
          Change the destination filepath  for  Save  and  Append
          commands,  i.e.  do  not  use the ENV variable setting.
          The SAVE_FILE may be changed any number of times.  Each
          time  a  new file is created: if an older file with the
          same name is requested it  is  overwritten.  Subsequent
          calls to SAVE or APPEND direct output to this new file.


     * Src Output
          Toggles the way the sources are printed  when  selected
          by  the left button. Normal:  The output created by the
          left-mouse selection of events  is  in  A-card  format,
          i.e.  you may then cut/paste these into a file and res-
          tart   xmap8   with   them   only.   The   output   has
          time/lat/lon/magnitude  and  other information - in  UW
          format. Furthermore I also dump out  an  "origin  file"
          which  (after  cut/paste  to  a  file) can be used in a
          close-up (zoomed) session of xmap8. It is better to  do
          this  than  keep zooming in with the ZOOM feature which
          creates many windows that are hard to manage.  Connect:
          Events  from  the  first  Source File are selected from
          within the  target,  and  they  are  connected  to  any
          sequentially  matched  events  in  other  Source Files.
          Warning: Hypocenters are normally screened spatially to
          limit  the  number  stored  in memory.  Normally, hypo-
          centers located outside of the window  surrounding  the
          target  are  excluded.  To force inclusion of all hypo-
          centers into memory use  the  command  line  option  "-
          force_source"  This  will  force  all hypocenters to be
          included (no spatial selection).  This is important  to
          use  when  applying  the "connect" option on the Source
          menu.  This option requires that the source files being
          connected have 1-1 correspondence.

          No Src Output:  Printing to the screen  is  suppressed.
          This  is useful if you are making large selections to a
          file and you do not want the  screen  to  page  through
          them all.


     Get More Sources
          Gets a new file of source events.


     * Plot More Sources
          Toggles plots of all additional event files


     * Connect Sources
          connects the sources in sequence of input. Sources must
          have  the  same number of events in each file.  (Other-
          wise there is no matching)


     Layer-Source
          Plot only those sources that fall within the  displayed
          layer in an image.  This is useful for tomographic stu-
          dies when you wish to see how seismicity is changing in
          each layer of a model.


     Time Sources
          this is a (defunct) button related to the  plotting  of
          time sequences
           of sources.


     Select Poly - select the events inside

Hypo Stats - provides basic statistics on
          stored in the SAVE FILE, either the file  specified  by
          the  ENV  variable  XMA_SPE_SRC,  or otherwise changed.
          The stats are dumped to standard output.   A  wireframe
          file  of  the  best fitting plane to the hypocenters is
          also created and can be accessed in  file  "hypo_plane"
          via the "Get 3D-Body" menu item under special.



     Select DataBase
           Select and plot only those events that comply with the
          Set Hypo selection rules


     Reset DataBase
           undo Select Database, i.e. plot all events.

     Set Hypo
          This is a database routine  for  selecting  hypocenters
          based on typical parameters, time, magnitude, gap, err,
          etc....

          ---------------------------------------------------------------

Stations
     * Plot Stations
          Toggles the plotting of stations

     * Plot Station Names
          Toggles the plotting of station names

     Station Size
          changes the size of the plotted station

     Get Special Station
          Plots the named station in different  color  (RED)  for
          finding a particular station in a complicated plot with
          many stations.

     Sel Stations
          will dump out stations inside a target selection

     Get Points
          get a set of points from a point_file.  See xm_points.

     Plot Points
          toggles plotting of xm_points.

     Name Points
          toggles plotting of xm_points names

     Sel Points
          will dump out points inside a target selection


          ---------------------------------------------------------------


Map
     Plot Map
          Toggles the plotting of map


     Plot Grid
          Toggles the plotting of a grid defined  in  the  Origin
          file


     Get Geo Map
          reads in a new map defined in Lees format and plots  in
          color his new map overwrites the default map.


     * Geo Table
          Plots out geological information  (legend)  defined  in
          the Geo Map


     Map Code
          Set the code for  plotting  geological  maps  (e.g.  a,
          abcdi,  abcdefghi,  etc...)   Map  elements that do not
          match the code string are excluded.


     Sel Map
          if geological type map is read in and left-mouse button
          has been made, this item will select from the map data-
          base all elements that intersect the target


     Points Map
          plot the points of a selected map object


     Dump Map
          Dumps out a copy of the selected map elements to output
          file  "dump_sel_map.out". This new map can be called in
          on subsequent xmap8 calls.



     Lines Only
          toggle drawing the  geological  map  with  just  lines.
          This is useful if
           the geological map is confusing.


     Add Lines
          Add black lines around colored polygons.



     LAT LON
          will plot tic-marks every degree in lat and lon.   Good
          for world and other large scale maps.


     Outside Tics
          plot tick marks on the outer edges of the plot.


     Background Col
          Cycle the background  color  of  target  region:  grey,
          black, white.  If some objects are hard to see, such as
          polygon drawing, this may be useful.


          ---------------------------------------------------------------


Vectors/Wells
     Plot Wells
          puts wells on the map and cross  section  plots.  Wells
          are  read  in  from an ASCII file.  I have added a well
          plotting subroutine.  This is similar to the  Map  rou-
          tines:   select  the  <Plot  Wells>   under the SPECIAL
          menu. type in the well-file  name  (wells.all  on  this
          tape).   Voila, the wells appear.  Note that you should
          select plot.well.names  to  see  which  are  which.   A
          description  of  the  format and the programs I used to
          translate your files to my format are listed below.

          Get Wells Gets a file of vectors for plotting.


     Plot Well Names
          toggles whether well names should be plotted.   Project
          Wells  -  projects  the  wells  onto the horizontal map
          plot.  (wells are projected  onto  the  cross  sections
          independently from this option).


     Project Wells
          plot the horizontal (surface) projections of 3D wells


     Dump Wells
          dumpout the wells to standard output


     Project Dips
           plot the horizontal (surface) projections of  dipmeter
          information


     Plot Ellipses
           toggles plotting of error ellipsoids


     Get Ellipses
           read in a new error ellipsoid file


          ---------------------------------------------------------------



Focals
     Plot/Get Focals
          get a file with A and M cards (described below)


     Sphere Size
          minimum size for plotting a focal mechanism


     Focal Style
          one of several ways of plotting focal spheres,  include
          beach  balls, beach balls with P-T axis, just P-T axes,
          strike and dip  projections,  etc...Use  (r,c,v,t)  for
          acceleration

     * Explode Focals
          if balls are heavily concentrated, they  will  overlap.
          Can  use  this  option to "explode" them so they do not
          overlap. Use (e) for acceleration


     * Magnitude Scale
          toggle so that focal spheres are scaled  by  magnitude.
          The overall scaling is determined by Sphere Size above.


     Color
          the default is to color the focal  according  to  rake.
          If  this  option  is chosen, though, the focals will be
          colored according to input file.  For one  file  input,
          this  means all will have the same color.  Each succes-
          sive file will be colored a different shade.


     Summary
          All focal spheres within the most recent selection rec-
          tangle  are summarized in the output window and a small
          figure showing the P and T axes projected on  an  equal
          area  net  is  printed  in the lower left corner.  This
          plot is temporary and will disappear when the  plot  is
          refreshed.  Reselecting  the  option will redisplay the
          plot.


     SDR  Dump out (stdout) last Focal mechanism selection  (made
          previously with shift-left dragging) but also print out
          the Strike Dip Rake information.  This  appears  on  an
          extra  line  below  the  normal focal plane information
          (M-card) with the following character flag and floating
          point format:
          SDR: DDAZ STRIKE DIP RAKE


     PS Summary
          Provides a postscript plot of the P and T axes
          plotted on the stereo-net described above.

          ---------------------------------------------------------------


Contour
     ContourField
          read in a file of raw XYZ data in  LAT-LON-Z for inter-
          polation  and  contouring.  The initial contour is done
          with default settings, but  these  can  be  changed  by
          accessing the "Set Cont" button on the main panel.


     Plot Contour
          toggles whether to plot the contours or not (after they
          have been calculated)


     Raster
          Dumps out a 2D raster file  suitable  for  plotting  in
          xmap8 (-I file)


     Dump Map
          Dumps out a lees-map  file  suitable  for  plotting  in
          xmap8 (-M file)


     Plot Points
          plots the imported points used for contouring


     Plot Values
          plots the imported data values used for contouring


     Palette
          toggles the 2 image palettes for the contour plotting.



     Set Cont
          Pops up a panel for changing the contouring parameters.
          See following for parameters description.

          ---------------------------------------------------------------


Set Cont
     These parameters control the handling of the surface fitting
     program  and the contouring.  If you click SET in this box a
     new contour plot is  calculated  with  the  new  parameters.
     Grid: grid dimensions of contour area (taken originally from
     origin file)

     Dx-Dy:  number of grid points in X  (DX) and Y  (DY)  direc-
     tions  to use in interpolation.  Use this to get smoother or
     courser contours.

     Aspect Ratio - set to 1.
     Limits - 0
     Max_iterations - 250
     Tension - 0
     X - 1.4
     Contour Levels: number of contour levels.  If this is a file name, the
     program will read in the contour levels from the file.  Can use this to
     fix the contours at nice levels.

     Scale Factor:  multiply each point in field by this value.

     SET - re-do the interpolation and contouring with new parameters.

     Cancel - do not re-calculate contours.
     ---------------------------------------------------------------


Image
     Increment Z
          goes to the next layer down in the model


     Decrement Z
          goes to the next layer above in the model


     Plot Image
          toggles whether to plot the  images  (after  they  have
          been read in)


     Get Image
          read in a new image file.


     Skip Value
          Change the value which is skipped  in  the  image  file
          (missing values).

     Z-Layer
          Jump to a specific layer in the model


     Top(layer 1)
          Go Back to Layer 1


     Palette
          There are currently two available  color  palettes  for
          plotting images and contour plots.  This menu item tog-
          gles between these two.


     Scale Lay/Glob
          if selected this toggles between using a global scaling
          versus  using  a separate scaling for each layer of the
          model.  This is useful when the image consists of  dif-
          ferent units in each layer.


     Log/Lin scale
          Toggle between Log or Linear color scales for the image
          displayed.


     User min-max
          the User can input a set of minimum and maximum  values
          to  use  in scaling rather than the minimum and maximum
          values from the data.  Values outside these regions are
          saturated into the bins of maximum value.

     Reverse_Palette
          Flip the palette to go from blue to red or vice versa.

     New_Palette
          Read in your own palette (not available yet).

     Integrate
          First, select a polygon using the  NewPolygon  (Special
          menu)  item and the control-left button click.  Second,
          select this  option:   you  will  need  to  insert  the
          minimum,  maximum and a scaling factor (e.g. to convert
          meters to km: use 0.001).   Those  raster  values  that
          fall   within   these  ranges  inside  the  target  are
          highlighted and integrated (summed using  raster  pixel
          size as dArea).

     High_lite
          After providing a min and max value, those values  fal-
          ling   between   these  extremes  are  highlighted  and
          counted.  Information is dumped to startup screen.

     Wire Render
          First select a target  region.   After  selecting  this
          option the program queries for an upper and lower limit
          for pseudo-rendering.  This feature  will  isolate  all
          blocks within the limits and output a wire frame struc-
          ture enclosing all blocks in the target region.  Panels
          shared  by adjacent blocks are eliminated.  The out put
          is currently dumpped to two files that must  be  conca-
          tonated together.  Use unix command:

          cat dumpit_wire_frame_top dumpit_wire_frame > new_wireframe

          This new wire frame structure, in file "new_wireframe"
          can then be used immediately
          in the current xmap8 session.
          Use the "Get 3D-body" under Special to access the new wire frame
          structure.

     Image Info
          Dumps out to startup screen information pertaining to the image read in.
          Satellite
          Toggles plotting of satellite image.
          This image is read in on the command line at start up so the
          colormap can be calculated and adjusted.

          Shift Satellite
          This will shift the satellite image in the plane to match it
          with other map elements.

          Get File
          This is an experiment that is still in progress.  Does nothing
          at this point, but may crash the system.


          ---------------------------------------------------------------


X-Secs
     Max Depth
          changes the maximum depth for scaling the  color  depth
          and selecting events on the vertical cross sections.


     HalfWidth
          changes the swath used for  selecting  vertically  pro-
          jected earthquakes on the cross sections


     * Plot X-Secs
          toggles whether to plot the cross sections in plan view
          on the map display.

     SAVE X-Secs
          save Cross section information to a file for later  use
          (file="SAVE_xsecs")


     Load X-Secs
          reads in a file of lat-lon pairs for pre-set cross sec-
          tions.  Cross  sections  can  now be stored and read in
          from a file. As you make a new cross section, the stan-
          dard  output  reports  on  the  lat-lon/lat-lon of your
          cross-section. Just put these (via  cut/paste)  into  a
          file  and  read  it  in from the LOAD X-sects under the
          SPECIAL menu. example:

          36.113754 -117.877953 35.952969 -117.736397  0.0 0.00 10.00 1.00 1.00
          lat        lon        lat        lon         dip  top   bot  front  back

     Set X-Dip
          Pops up a panel for changing the cross section parameters

          ---------------------------------------------------------------


Special
     Restore Size
          restores from a Zooming session.


     Postscript
          dumps out the plot to a postscript file.  To  use  this
          option  the  postscript  header is required (included).
          Place the header file in  a  convenient  directory  and
          type  in  at  the  UNIX prompt:  % setenv PSHEAD <your-
          directory>

          NOTE: Most toggle switches also toggle  the  postscript
          output  file, i.e.  if the names for stations, wells or
          what ever are turned  off/  they  will  appear  in  the
          postscript  output  accordingly.   I  have added cross-
          section postscript file creation. You  can  create  any
          number  of postscript files as long as you call them by
          different names. You may view a postscript file at  any
          time by running pageview from a separate command window
          on the file you just created.


     * BLACK/WHITE
          toggles whether postscript output will be in  color  or
          black and white.


     Dump Colors
          List out the current  set  of  colors.   These  may  be
          changed  by  saving  them  in  a file and modifying the
          color palette.


     Plot Targets
          Toggles  the  plotting  of   target   regions   already
          selected.   Plotting  target regions help remind one of
          areas that have been considered in detail.


     Erase Targets
          Starts the target counter over so that previous targets
          are lost.


     New Polygon
          reset the polygon so it has no points.  Polygons can be
          drawn  by  using  the  meta-Left-mouse clicking action.
          (Hold down the meta or control-key and click with  left
          mouse.    Polygons  are  currently  not postscriptized,
          however if you select  "Replot  Poly"  the  polygon  is
          dumped to stdout as lees-format map stroke which can be
          read in again and plotted in postscript.



     Spline
          smooth the last polygon  so  it  does  not  have  sharp
          corners.   Values  are  dumped to screen and can be cut
          and pasted for later use.


     Replot Poly
          Replots the last polygon selection


     Replot Target
          Replots the last target selection


     Get 3D Body
          get a wireframe object from a file (see below)


     Plot 3D Body
          toggle the plotting of the wireframe objects


     Hoz Slab
          Only WELLS located within the depth range provided  are
          plotted.  This is a useful option for plotting selected
          layers of Wells from 3D rasters of vectors


     Spin Events
          Pops up a new  window  for  spinning  earthquake  hypo-
          centers that are selected in a target.


          ---------------------------------------------------------------


Misc
     Create Label
          Dialogue box for inserting label  text.   Use  the  m-n
          keys to locate the the label and the arrow head.

          AFTER you select label and insert the text and click OK
          you  need  to hit first "m"  then "n"  (the help window
          says this to remind you, also the little  dialogue  box
          reminds you of this).

          m sets the tail, and n the head,  of  the  arrow.   the
          label  is placed on the tail.  After you place the tail
          (the label) you can move the arrow with successive  "n"
          typings.   However,  if  you  hit  "m" you must hit "n"
          again to finilize the pointer.



     Reset Label
          Change the text of the current label


     Save Labels
          Puts all labels into a file for later use or editting.


     Get Labels
          Restores labels from a file previously  stored  by  the
          Save Labels command.



     HELP I have added a simple help  to  remind  you  of  a  few
          things during run time.


          ---------------------------------------------------------------
          ---------------------------------------------------------------



Cross Section Menus
File
     Delete cross section window

     Refresh
          Refreash the screen (replot).

     Restore
          Restore to original size (unzoom).

     Postscript
          Dump out a postscript file to the file provided.   This
          fiel may be viewed immediately.

     Save Xsec
          Geographic information regarding the cross  section  is
          stored in file SAVE_one_xsec.  This can then be read in
          in the Map View  window  under  the  X-secs  menu  LOAD
          Xsecs.   When  zooming  this  is very useful for saving
          intermediate stages.  Note that the SAVE file  is  over
          written each time this is called.

     Quit Quit Xmap8

Special
     Dip  Change dip for this cross section

     Depth
          Change max depth for cross section

     STA-EL
          Toggles where the stations are plotted At:

          A) zero elevation (datum)

          B) true elevation (above/below sealevel)

          C) true elevation with mean elevation removed.

     Label
          See label plotting above

     Postscript
          See postscript above

     Apparent Dip
          Change the plotting of dip meter data from absolute  to
          apparent dip on the borehole.

     Geology
          Plot the geological features from filled objects in map
          view projected onto the cross section.

     SDR  Dump out (stdout) last Focal mechanism selection  (made
          previously with shift-left dragging) but also print out
          the Strike Dip Rake information.  This  appears  on  an
          extra  line  below  the  normal focal plane information
          (M-card) with the following character flag and floating
          point format:
          SDR: DDAZ STRIKE DIP RAKE

     Sel Points
          Dump out (stdout)all points that fall within the selection box.
          This parallels a similar menu item in the Map View.

     Distance
          Dump out the diagonal distance, Dx and Dz in the selection box.
          This can be used to measure distances in the cross section view.

     Polygon
          See Polygon above

     Re-plot Polygon
          See re-plot polygon above

Source
     SAVE same as in mapview above

     APPEND
          same as in mapview above

     POLY SRC
          select events inside a drawn polygon

     SAVE FILE
          same as in mapview above


Contour Field
     Above
          Cut contour field and plot above the cross section

     In model
          Cut contour field and plot in depth  within  the  cross
          section.  This option only makes sense if the contoured
          field has the same units as the hypocenter depths.

     Image
          This function is still in development

     Dump This function dumps out the cross section field line to
          the screen.



          Above


          ---------------------------------------------------------------

SEE ALSO

xmap8      
xm_color      
xm_hypo      
xm_map       
xm_menu       
xm_origin       
xm_points
xm_raster
xm_station      
xm_well      
xm_wire      
xm_xsec      
xm_ellipse


  • Xmap8: Three-dimensional GIS for Geology and Geophysics.

    REFERENCES see article by J. M. Lees: Lees, J. M. (1995) Xmap8: Three-dimensional GIS for geology and geophysics, Seismological Research Letters: 66, 33-37.

    Address:

      
          Prof. Jonathan M. Lees
          Yale Geology Dept.
          P.O. Box 208109
          New Haven, CT  06520-8109
          (203)432-6947
          lees@love.geology.yale.edu